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// This is a part of rust-chrono. // Copyright (c) 2014-2015, Kang Seonghoon. // See README.md and LICENSE.txt for details. //! # Chrono 0.2.20 //! //! Date and time handling for Rust. (also known as `rust-chrono`) //! It aims to be a feature-complete superset of //! the [time](https://github.com/rust-lang-deprecated/time) library. //! In particular, //! //! * Chrono strictly adheres to ISO 8601. //! * Chrono is timezone-aware by default, with separate timezone-naive types. //! * Chrono is space-optimal and (while not being the primary goal) reasonably efficient. //! //! There were several previous attempts to bring a good date and time library to Rust, //! which Chrono builts upon and should acknowledge: //! //! * [Initial research on //! the wiki](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-wiki-backup/blob/master/Lib-datetime.md) //! * Dietrich Epp's [datetime-rs](https://github.com/depp/datetime-rs) //! * Luis de Bethencourt's [rust-datetime](https://github.com/luisbg/rust-datetime) //! //! ## Usage //! //! Put this in your `Cargo.toml`: //! //! ```toml //! [dependencies] //! chrono = "0.2" //! ``` //! //! And put this in your crate root: //! //! ```rust //! extern crate chrono; //! ``` //! //! ## Overview //! //! ### Duration //! //! Chrono used to have a `Duration` type, which represents the time span. //! This is a simple reexport of //! [`time::Duration`](http://doc.rust-lang.org/time/time/struct.Duration.html) type //! provided by crates.io `time` crate (which originally comes from Chrono). //! //! ### Date and Time //! //! Chrono provides a `DateTime` type for the combined date and time. //! //! `DateTime`, among others, is timezone-aware and //! must be constructed from the `TimeZone` object. //! `DateTime`s with different time zones do not mix, but can be converted to each other. //! //! You can get the current date and time in the UTC time zone (`UTC::now()`) //! or in the local time zone (`Local::now()`). //! //! ~~~~ {.rust} //! use chrono::*; //! //! let utc: DateTime<UTC> = UTC::now(); // e.g. `2014-11-28T12:45:59.324310806Z` //! let local: DateTime<Local> = Local::now(); // e.g. `2014-11-28T21:45:59.324310806+09:00` //! # let _ = utc; let _ = local; //! ~~~~ //! //! Alternatively, you can create your own date and time. //! This is a bit verbose due to Rust's lack of function and method overloading, //! but in turn we get a rich combination of initialization methods. //! //! ~~~~ {.rust} //! use chrono::*; //! //! let dt = UTC.ymd(2014, 7, 8).and_hms(9, 10, 11); // `2014-07-08T09:10:11Z` //! // July 8 is 188th day of the year 2014 (`o` for "ordinal") //! assert_eq!(dt, UTC.yo(2014, 189).and_hms(9, 10, 11)); //! // July 8 is Tuesday in ISO week 28 of the year 2014. //! assert_eq!(dt, UTC.isoywd(2014, 28, Weekday::Tue).and_hms(9, 10, 11)); //! //! let dt = UTC.ymd(2014, 7, 8).and_hms_milli(9, 10, 11, 12); // `2014-07-08T09:10:11.012Z` //! assert_eq!(dt, UTC.ymd(2014, 7, 8).and_hms_micro(9, 10, 11, 12_000)); //! assert_eq!(dt, UTC.ymd(2014, 7, 8).and_hms_nano(9, 10, 11, 12_000_000)); //! //! // dynamic verification //! assert_eq!(UTC.ymd_opt(2014, 7, 8).and_hms_opt(21, 15, 33), //! LocalResult::Single(UTC.ymd(2014, 7, 8).and_hms(21, 15, 33))); //! assert_eq!(UTC.ymd_opt(2014, 7, 8).and_hms_opt(80, 15, 33), LocalResult::None); //! assert_eq!(UTC.ymd_opt(2014, 7, 38).and_hms_opt(21, 15, 33), LocalResult::None); //! //! // other time zone objects can be used to construct a local datetime. //! // obviously, `local_dt` is normally different from `dt`, but `fixed_dt` should be identical. //! let local_dt = Local.ymd(2014, 7, 8).and_hms_milli(9, 10, 11, 12); //! let fixed_dt = FixedOffset::east(9 * 3600).ymd(2014, 7, 8).and_hms_milli(18, 10, 11, 12); //! assert_eq!(dt, fixed_dt); //! # let _ = local_dt; //! ~~~~ //! //! Various properties are available to the date and time, and can be altered individually. //! Most of them are defined in the traits `Datelike` and `Timelike` which you should `use` before. //! Addition and subtraction is also supported. //! The following illustrates most supported operations to the date and time: //! //! ~~~~ {.rust} //! use chrono::*; //! //! # /* we intentionally fake the datetime... //! // assume this returned `2014-11-28T21:45:59.324310806+09:00`: //! let dt = Local::now(); //! # */ // up to here. we now define a fixed datetime for the illustrative purpose. //! # let dt = FixedOffset::east(9*3600).ymd(2014, 11, 28).and_hms_nano(21, 45, 59, 324310806); //! //! // property accessors //! assert_eq!((dt.year(), dt.month(), dt.day()), (2014, 11, 28)); //! assert_eq!((dt.month0(), dt.day0()), (10, 27)); // for unfortunate souls //! assert_eq!((dt.hour(), dt.minute(), dt.second()), (21, 45, 59)); //! assert_eq!(dt.weekday(), Weekday::Fri); //! assert_eq!(dt.weekday().number_from_monday(), 5); // Mon=1, ..., Sat=7 //! assert_eq!(dt.ordinal(), 332); // the day of year //! assert_eq!(dt.num_days_from_ce(), 735565); // the number of days from and including Jan 1, 1 //! //! // time zone accessor and manipulation //! assert_eq!(dt.offset().local_minus_utc(), Duration::hours(9)); //! assert_eq!(dt.timezone(), FixedOffset::east(9 * 3600)); //! assert_eq!(dt.with_timezone(&UTC), UTC.ymd(2014, 11, 28).and_hms_nano(12, 45, 59, 324310806)); //! //! // a sample of property manipulations (validates dynamically) //! assert_eq!(dt.with_day(29).unwrap().weekday(), Weekday::Sat); // 2014-11-29 is Saturday //! assert_eq!(dt.with_day(32), None); //! assert_eq!(dt.with_year(-300).unwrap().num_days_from_ce(), -109606); // November 29, 301 BCE //! //! // arithmetic operations //! assert_eq!(UTC.ymd(2014, 11, 14).and_hms(8, 9, 10) - UTC.ymd(2014, 11, 14).and_hms(10, 9, 8), //! Duration::seconds(-2 * 3600 + 2)); //! assert_eq!(UTC.ymd(1970, 1, 1).and_hms(0, 0, 0) + Duration::seconds(1_000_000_000), //! UTC.ymd(2001, 9, 9).and_hms(1, 46, 40)); //! assert_eq!(UTC.ymd(1970, 1, 1).and_hms(0, 0, 0) - Duration::seconds(1_000_000_000), //! UTC.ymd(1938, 4, 24).and_hms(22, 13, 20)); //! ~~~~ //! //! Formatting is done via the `format` method, //! which format is equivalent to the familiar `strftime` format. //! (See the `format::strftime` module documentation for full syntax.) //! //! The default `to_string` method and `{:?}` specifier also give a reasonable representation. //! Chrono also provides `to_rfc{2822,3339}` methods for well-known formats. //! //! ~~~~ {.rust} //! use chrono::*; //! //! let dt = UTC.ymd(2014, 11, 28).and_hms(12, 0, 9); //! assert_eq!(dt.format("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S").to_string(), "2014-11-28 12:00:09"); //! assert_eq!(dt.format("%a %b %e %T %Y").to_string(), "Fri Nov 28 12:00:09 2014"); //! assert_eq!(dt.format("%a %b %e %T %Y").to_string(), dt.format("%c").to_string()); //! //! assert_eq!(dt.to_string(), "2014-11-28 12:00:09 UTC"); //! assert_eq!(dt.to_rfc2822(), "Fri, 28 Nov 2014 12:00:09 +0000"); //! assert_eq!(dt.to_rfc3339(), "2014-11-28T12:00:09+00:00"); //! assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", dt), "2014-11-28T12:00:09Z"); //! ~~~~ //! //! Parsing can be done with three methods: //! //! 1. The standard `FromStr` trait (and `parse` method on a string) can be used for //! parsing `DateTime<FixedOffset>`, `DateTime<UTC>` and `DateTime<Local>` values. //! This parses what the `{:?}` (`std::fmt::Debug`) format specifier prints, //! and requires the offset to be present. //! //! 2. `DateTime::parse_from_str` parses a date and time with offsets and //! returns `DateTime<FixedOffset>`. //! This should be used when the offset is a part of input and the caller cannot guess that. //! It *cannot* be used when the offset can be missing. //! `DateTime::parse_from_rfc{2822,3339}` are similar but for well-known formats. //! //! 3. `Offset::datetime_from_str` is similar but returns `DateTime` of given offset. //! When the explicit offset is missing from the input, it simply uses given offset. //! It issues an error when the input contains an explicit offset different //! from the current offset. //! //! More detailed control over the parsing process is available via `format` module. //! //! ~~~~ {.rust} //! use chrono::*; //! //! let dt = UTC.ymd(2014, 11, 28).and_hms(12, 0, 9); //! let fixed_dt = dt.with_timezone(&FixedOffset::east(9*3600)); //! //! // method 1 //! assert_eq!("2014-11-28T12:00:09Z".parse::<DateTime<UTC>>(), Ok(dt.clone())); //! assert_eq!("2014-11-28T21:00:09+09:00".parse::<DateTime<UTC>>(), Ok(dt.clone())); //! assert_eq!("2014-11-28T21:00:09+09:00".parse::<DateTime<FixedOffset>>(), Ok(fixed_dt.clone())); //! //! // method 2 //! assert_eq!(DateTime::parse_from_str("2014-11-28 21:00:09 +09:00", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z"), //! Ok(fixed_dt.clone())); //! assert_eq!(DateTime::parse_from_rfc2822("Fri, 28 Nov 2014 21:00:09 +0900"), //! Ok(fixed_dt.clone())); //! assert_eq!(DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339("2014-11-28T21:00:09+09:00"), Ok(fixed_dt.clone())); //! //! // method 3 //! assert_eq!(UTC.datetime_from_str("2014-11-28 12:00:09", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), Ok(dt.clone())); //! assert_eq!(UTC.datetime_from_str("Fri Nov 28 12:00:09 2014", "%a %b %e %T %Y"), Ok(dt.clone())); //! //! // oops, the year is missing! //! assert!(UTC.datetime_from_str("Fri Nov 28 12:00:09", "%a %b %e %T %Y").is_err()); //! // oops, the format string does not include the year at all! //! assert!(UTC.datetime_from_str("Fri Nov 28 12:00:09", "%a %b %e %T").is_err()); //! // oops, the weekday is incorrect! //! assert!(UTC.datetime_from_str("Sat Nov 28 12:00:09 2014", "%a %b %e %T %Y").is_err()); //! ~~~~ //! //! ### Individual date //! //! Chrono also provides an individual date type (`Date`). //! It also has time zones attached, and have to be constructed via time zones. //! Most operations available to `DateTime` are also available to `Date` whenever appropriate. //! //! ~~~~ {.rust} //! use chrono::*; //! //! # // these *may* fail, but only very rarely. just rerun the test if you were that unfortunate ;) //! assert_eq!(UTC::today(), UTC::now().date()); //! assert_eq!(Local::today(), Local::now().date()); //! //! assert_eq!(UTC.ymd(2014, 11, 28).weekday(), Weekday::Fri); //! assert_eq!(UTC.ymd_opt(2014, 11, 31), LocalResult::None); //! assert_eq!(UTC.ymd(2014, 11, 28).and_hms_milli(7, 8, 9, 10).format("%H%M%S").to_string(), //! "070809"); //! ~~~~ //! //! There is no timezone-aware `Time` due to the lack of usefulness and also the complexity. //! //! `DateTime` has `date` method which returns a `Date` which represents its date component. //! There is also a `time` method, which simply returns a naive local time described below. //! //! ### Naive date and time //! //! Chrono provides naive counterparts to `Date`, (non-existent) `Time` and `DateTime` //! as `NaiveDate`, `NaiveTime` and `NaiveDateTime` respectively. //! //! They have almost equivalent interfaces as their timezone-aware twins, //! but are not associated to time zones obviously and can be quite low-level. //! They are mostly useful for building blocks for higher-level types. //! //! Timezone-aware `DateTime` and `Date` types have two methods returning naive versions: //! `naive_local` returns a view to the naive local time, //! and `naive_utc` returns a view to the naive UTC time. //! //! ## Limitations //! //! Only proleptic Gregorian calendar (i.e. extended to support older dates) is supported. //! Be very careful if you really have to deal with pre-20C dates, they can be in Julian or others. //! //! Date types are limited in about +/- 262,000 years from the common epoch. //! Time types are limited in the nanosecond accuracy. //! //! Leap seconds are supported in the representation but Chrono doesn't try to make use of them. //! (The main reason is that leap seconds are not really predictable.) //! Almost *every* operation over the possible leap seconds will ignore them. //! Consider using `NaiveDateTime` with the implicit TAI (International Atomic Time) scale //! if you want. //! //! Chrono inherently does not support an inaccurate or partial date and time representation. //! Any operation that can be ambiguous will return `None` in such cases. //! For example, "a month later" of 2014-01-30 is not well-defined //! and consequently `UTC.ymd(2014, 1, 30).with_month(2)` returns `None`. //! //! Advanced time zone handling is not yet supported (but is planned in 0.3). #![doc(html_root_url = "https://lifthrasiir.github.io/rust-chrono/")] #![cfg_attr(bench, feature(test))] // lib stability features as per RFC #507 #![deny(missing_docs)] extern crate time as stdtime; extern crate num; #[cfg(feature = "rustc-serialize")] extern crate rustc_serialize; #[cfg(feature = "serde")] extern crate serde; pub use duration::Duration; pub use offset::{TimeZone, Offset, LocalResult}; pub use offset::utc::UTC; pub use offset::fixed::FixedOffset; pub use offset::local::Local; pub use naive::date::NaiveDate; pub use naive::time::NaiveTime; pub use naive::datetime::NaiveDateTime; pub use date::Date; pub use datetime::DateTime; pub use format::{ParseError, ParseResult}; // useful throughout the codebase macro_rules! try_opt { ($e:expr) => (match $e { Some(v) => v, None => return None }) } mod div; pub mod duration { //! ISO 8601 duration. //! //! This used to be a part of rust-chrono, //! but has been subsequently merged into Rust's standard library. pub use stdtime::Duration; } pub mod offset; pub mod naive { //! Date and time types which do not concern about the timezones. //! //! They are primarily building blocks for other types (e.g. `TimeZone`), //! but can be also used for the simpler date and time handling. pub mod date; pub mod time; pub mod datetime; } pub mod date; pub mod datetime; pub mod format; /// The day of week (DOW). /// /// The order of the days of week depends on the context. /// One should prefer `*_from_monday` or `*_from_sunday` methods to get the correct result. #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone, Debug)] #[cfg_attr(feature = "rustc-serialize", derive(RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable))] pub enum Weekday { /// Monday. Mon = 0, /// Tuesday. Tue = 1, /// Wednesday. Wed = 2, /// Thursday. Thu = 3, /// Friday. Fri = 4, /// Saturday. Sat = 5, /// Sunday. Sun = 6, } impl Weekday { /// The next day in the week. #[inline] pub fn succ(&self) -> Weekday { match *self { Weekday::Mon => Weekday::Tue, Weekday::Tue => Weekday::Wed, Weekday::Wed => Weekday::Thu, Weekday::Thu => Weekday::Fri, Weekday::Fri => Weekday::Sat, Weekday::Sat => Weekday::Sun, Weekday::Sun => Weekday::Mon, } } /// The previous day in the week. #[inline] pub fn pred(&self) -> Weekday { match *self { Weekday::Mon => Weekday::Sun, Weekday::Tue => Weekday::Mon, Weekday::Wed => Weekday::Tue, Weekday::Thu => Weekday::Wed, Weekday::Fri => Weekday::Thu, Weekday::Sat => Weekday::Fri, Weekday::Sun => Weekday::Sat, } } /// Returns a DOW number starting from Monday = 1. (ISO 8601 weekday number) #[inline] pub fn number_from_monday(&self) -> u32 { match *self { Weekday::Mon => 1, Weekday::Tue => 2, Weekday::Wed => 3, Weekday::Thu => 4, Weekday::Fri => 5, Weekday::Sat => 6, Weekday::Sun => 7, } } /// Returns a DOW number starting from Sunday = 1. #[inline] pub fn number_from_sunday(&self) -> u32 { match *self { Weekday::Mon => 2, Weekday::Tue => 3, Weekday::Wed => 4, Weekday::Thu => 5, Weekday::Fri => 6, Weekday::Sat => 7, Weekday::Sun => 1, } } /// Returns a DOW number starting from Monday = 0. #[inline] pub fn num_days_from_monday(&self) -> u32 { match *self { Weekday::Mon => 0, Weekday::Tue => 1, Weekday::Wed => 2, Weekday::Thu => 3, Weekday::Fri => 4, Weekday::Sat => 5, Weekday::Sun => 6, } } /// Returns a DOW number starting from Sunday = 0. #[inline] pub fn num_days_from_sunday(&self) -> u32 { match *self { Weekday::Mon => 1, Weekday::Tue => 2, Weekday::Wed => 3, Weekday::Thu => 4, Weekday::Fri => 5, Weekday::Sat => 6, Weekday::Sun => 0, } } } /// Any weekday can be represented as an integer from 0 to 6, /// which equals to `Weekday::num_days_from_monday` in this implementation. /// Do not heavily depend on this though; use explicit methods whenever possible. impl num::traits::FromPrimitive for Weekday { #[inline] fn from_i64(n: i64) -> Option<Weekday> { match n { 0 => Some(Weekday::Mon), 1 => Some(Weekday::Tue), 2 => Some(Weekday::Wed), 3 => Some(Weekday::Thu), 4 => Some(Weekday::Fri), 5 => Some(Weekday::Sat), 6 => Some(Weekday::Sun), _ => None, } } #[inline] fn from_u64(n: u64) -> Option<Weekday> { match n { 0 => Some(Weekday::Mon), 1 => Some(Weekday::Tue), 2 => Some(Weekday::Wed), 3 => Some(Weekday::Thu), 4 => Some(Weekday::Fri), 5 => Some(Weekday::Sat), 6 => Some(Weekday::Sun), _ => None, } } } /// The common set of methods for date component. pub trait Datelike: Sized { /// Returns the year number. fn year(&self) -> i32; /// Returns the absolute year number starting from 1 with a boolean flag, /// which is false when the year predates the epoch (BCE/BC) and true otherwise (CE/AD). #[inline] fn year_ce(&self) -> (bool, u32) { let year = self.year(); if year < 1 { (false, (1 - year) as u32) } else { (true, year as u32) } } /// Returns the month number starting from 1. fn month(&self) -> u32; /// Returns the month number starting from 0. fn month0(&self) -> u32; /// Returns the day of month starting from 1. fn day(&self) -> u32; /// Returns the day of month starting from 0. fn day0(&self) -> u32; /// Returns the day of year starting from 1. fn ordinal(&self) -> u32; /// Returns the day of year starting from 0. fn ordinal0(&self) -> u32; /// Returns the day of week. fn weekday(&self) -> Weekday; /// Returns the ISO week date: an adjusted year, week number and day of week. /// The adjusted year may differ from that of the calendar date. fn isoweekdate(&self) -> (i32, u32, Weekday); /// Makes a new value with the year number changed. /// /// Returns `None` when the resulting value would be invalid. fn with_year(&self, year: i32) -> Option<Self>; /// Makes a new value with the month number (starting from 1) changed. /// /// Returns `None` when the resulting value would be invalid. fn with_month(&self, month: u32) -> Option<Self>; /// Makes a new value with the month number (starting from 0) changed. /// /// Returns `None` when the resulting value would be invalid. fn with_month0(&self, month0: u32) -> Option<Self>; /// Makes a new value with the day of month (starting from 1) changed. /// /// Returns `None` when the resulting value would be invalid. fn with_day(&self, day: u32) -> Option<Self>; /// Makes a new value with the day of month (starting from 0) changed. /// /// Returns `None` when the resulting value would be invalid. fn with_day0(&self, day0: u32) -> Option<Self>; /// Makes a new value with the day of year (starting from 1) changed. /// /// Returns `None` when the resulting value would be invalid. fn with_ordinal(&self, ordinal: u32) -> Option<Self>; /// Makes a new value with the day of year (starting from 0) changed. /// /// Returns `None` when the resulting value would be invalid. fn with_ordinal0(&self, ordinal0: u32) -> Option<Self>; /// Returns the number of days since January 1, 1 (Day 1) in the proleptic Gregorian calendar. fn num_days_from_ce(&self) -> i32 { // we know this wouldn't overflow since year is limited to 1/2^13 of i32's full range. let mut year = self.year() - 1; let mut ndays = 0; if year < 0 { let excess = 1 + (-year) / 400; year += excess * 400; ndays -= excess * 146097; } let div_100 = year / 100; ndays += ((year * 1461) >> 2) - div_100 + (div_100 >> 2); ndays + self.ordinal() as i32 } } /// The common set of methods for time component. pub trait Timelike: Sized { /// Returns the hour number from 0 to 23. fn hour(&self) -> u32; /// Returns the hour number from 1 to 12 with a boolean flag, /// which is false for AM and true for PM. #[inline] fn hour12(&self) -> (bool, u32) { let hour = self.hour(); let mut hour12 = hour % 12; if hour12 == 0 { hour12 = 12; } (hour >= 12, hour12) } /// Returns the minute number from 0 to 59. fn minute(&self) -> u32; /// Returns the second number from 0 to 59. fn second(&self) -> u32; /// Returns the number of nanoseconds since the whole non-leap second. /// The range from 1,000,000,000 to 1,999,999,999 represents the leap second. fn nanosecond(&self) -> u32; /// Makes a new value with the hour number changed. /// /// Returns `None` when the resulting value would be invalid. fn with_hour(&self, hour: u32) -> Option<Self>; /// Makes a new value with the minute number changed. /// /// Returns `None` when the resulting value would be invalid. fn with_minute(&self, min: u32) -> Option<Self>; /// Makes a new value with the second number changed. /// /// Returns `None` when the resulting value would be invalid. fn with_second(&self, sec: u32) -> Option<Self>; /// Makes a new value with nanoseconds since the whole non-leap second changed. /// /// Returns `None` when the resulting value would be invalid. fn with_nanosecond(&self, nano: u32) -> Option<Self>; /// Returns the number of non-leap seconds past the last midnight. #[inline] fn num_seconds_from_midnight(&self) -> u32 { self.hour() * 3600 + self.minute() * 60 + self.second() } } #[test] fn test_readme_doomsday() { use num::iter::range_inclusive; for y in range_inclusive(naive::date::MIN.year(), naive::date::MAX.year()) { // even months let d4 = NaiveDate::from_ymd(y, 4, 4); let d6 = NaiveDate::from_ymd(y, 6, 6); let d8 = NaiveDate::from_ymd(y, 8, 8); let d10 = NaiveDate::from_ymd(y, 10, 10); let d12 = NaiveDate::from_ymd(y, 12, 12); // nine to five, seven-eleven let d59 = NaiveDate::from_ymd(y, 5, 9); let d95 = NaiveDate::from_ymd(y, 9, 5); let d711 = NaiveDate::from_ymd(y, 7, 11); let d117 = NaiveDate::from_ymd(y, 11, 7); // "March 0" let d30 = NaiveDate::from_ymd(y, 3, 1).pred(); let weekday = d30.weekday(); let other_dates = [d4, d6, d8, d10, d12, d59, d95, d711, d117]; assert!(other_dates.iter().all(|d| d.weekday() == weekday)); } }